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DC Axial Fans for Electronics

  • Date: 2025.04.12

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  • Micro DC Cooling Fans for Household appliances.

     

    With the advancement of consumer electronics, medical devices, and industrial automation towards miniaturization and high integration, micro cooling fans (usually ranging from 9 to 50mm in size) have become core thermal management components for ensuring the stable operation of equipment.

     1. Technological Introduction

    Material and Structural Innovations

    • Blade Design and frames: Mostly use PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) materials, taking into account flame retardancy (UL94-V0) and corrosion resistance. Some medical-grade fans add sound insulation cotton to further reduce noise.
    • Bearing Technology: Hydraulic bearings and ball bearings have become the mainstream, with a lifespan of more than 50,000 hours. Murata's piezoelectric micro fan adopts a valveless design and achieves silent operation through ultrasonic vibration (frequency exceeds the range of human ears).

     

    2. Type Classification

    Based on airflow direction and structural design, small cooling fans (typically <50mm) are categorized into four major types

    Type Characteristics Applications
    Axial Fan    Airflow parallel to axis; compact size (e.g., D-fan  D1804: 18×18×4mm)     Smartphones, drones 
    Centrifugal Fan     High-pressure airflow perpendicular to axis; supports 6,200 RPM (e.g., BRA3008)

         Laser equipment, server GPU cooling 

    Mixed-Flow Fan     Hybrid axial/centrifugal design; 30% lower noise than axial fans; -30°C–80°C range      MRI machines, industrial automation
    Cross-Flow Fan      Wide, uniform airflow; <25dB noise; ideal for narrow spaces (e.g., printers)       Automotive dashboards, elevator systems
         

     

    3. Small cooling fan application industry

    1,  Consumer Electronics

    • Smartphones/VR Devices: D-fan 1804 (18×18×4mm) reduces PCB temperatures by 3–5°C, preventing CPU throttling 
    • Portable Devices: Foldable USB fans (e.g., Jisu Bear Fan) offer 24-hour battery life for outdoor use.

    2,  Industrial and Medical

    • Data Centers: 40mm axial fans achieve 73 CFM airflow, ensuring AI computing stability 
    • Medical Devices: Murata's piezoelectric fans are used in surgical tools for contamination-free cooling.

    3,  New Energy Vehicles

    • IP68-rated centrifugal fans cool battery packs in high-temperature/humidity environments 

    4. Maintenance Strategies: Extending Lifespan and Troubleshooting

    1,  Routine Maintenance

    • Cleaning: Clean blades and heat sinks quarterly using soft brushes or compressed air (<0.3MPa pressure) 
    • Lubrication: Oil-impregnated bearings require semi-annual lubrication; ball bearings need no maintenance 

     

    2,  Common Fault Diagnosis

    Symptom Possible Causes Solutions
    Fan Failure      Voltage mismatch / Blockage (e.g., dust)            Check adapters (e.g., 12V vs. 5V) 
    Abnormal Noise      Bearing wear / Blade imbalance          Replace bearings or dynamic balancing 
    Thermal Control Failure        PWM signal interruption / Sensor damage          Inspect wiring or replace thermistors 

     

    3,  Component Replacement Guidelines

    • Ensure compatibility in voltage, size (e.g., 15×15×4mm), and interfaces (2/3/4-pin) 
    • Prioritize fans with FG (speed feedback) or PWM functions for intelligent thermal systems 

     

    Conclusion

    Micro cooling fans exemplify how minimal innovations can drive industry-wide transformations. Through scientific selection (axial/centrifugal/mixed-flow/cross-flow) and standardized maintenance, these devices not only enhance equipment longevity but also pave the way for "overheating-free" eras in consumer electronics, medical devices, and aerospace.